Understanding Federal Child Pornography Laws
Various state and federal laws ban possessing, distributing, receiving, or producing child pornography. Child pornography is legally defined as an image of a person under 18 years old engaged in sexually explicit activity. This includes photographs, videos, computer files, simulations, animations, and altered images or videos.
In general, offenses are grouped under possession, distribution/receipt, or production of child pornography. Production is usually the most harshly punished, while possession, distribution, and receipt are often called non-production offenses, with less severe penalties. Conviction of a federal crime related to child pornography can result in incarceration for up to 30 years. These crimes can be described as follows:
- Possession is an offense that means someone has images involving child pornography in their possession. In other words, just having the images can be enough to warrant charges.
- Distribution/receipt is related to a person sending images or receiving images of child pornography. Distribution is usually punished more harshly than receipt.
- Production charges relate to creating or producing such an image and are generally considered the most severe of the charges. As such, it can also be more difficult to prove.
The most recent data shows that 45.8% of child pornography cases that resulted in sentencing were for possession, 43.1% were for distribution, and 11.1% were for receipt. Of the sentenced individuals, 99.5% went to prison, and the average sentence was 115 months.
Understanding how federal child pornography sentencing guidelines are applied can help clarify the factors courts consider when determining penalties.